# your def here
# you must not print inside the function
# you must not take input() inside the function
# you must not use 'y' inside the function



y = 5

dy = doubleit(y)     # calling 'doubleit()', expecting one return value
print(dy)            # 10

# your def here
# you must not print inside the function
# you must not take input() inside the function
# you must not use 'x' or 'y' inside the function




x = 'World'
y = 'Guido'


# here, call get_greeting() with 'x' as argument
# make sure to expect a return value
# the return value should be 'Hello, World!'


# here, call get_greeting() with 'y' as argument
# make sure to expect a return value
# the return value should be 'Hello, Guido!'

# your def here
# you must not print inside the function
# you must not take input() inside the function
# you must not use 'a' or 'b' inside the function


a = 5
b = 10



# here, call multiplyem() with 'a' and 'b' as arguments
# make sure to expect a return value
# the return value should be 50

# your def here
# you must not print inside the function
# you must not take input() inside the function
# you must not use 'a' inside the function



a = 5

d, h = mul_and_div(a)

print(d)       # 10
print(h)       # 2.5

# make sure your function does not attempt to return anything



x = greet()
print(x)         # None

def get_sum(val1, val2):
    valsum = val1 + val2
    return valsum


r = get_sum(5, 10)
print(r)

# your def here



a = 5

b = mul(a, multiplier=3)     # int, 15

c = mul(a)                   # int, 5

# your def here



v1 = get_field('hey:you:stop', 0, sep=':')   # 'hey'  (splits on the colon, then returns 1st item)

v2 = get_field('this,that,other', 1)         # 'that' (splits on the default comma, then returns 2nd item)

def do(arg):
    lvar = arg * 2
    return lvar


a = do(5)
print(a)

gvar = 2

def do(arg):
    lvar = arg * 2
    return lvar


a = do(5)
print(a)

filename = 'pyku.txt'

def get_text(fname):
    fh = open(fname)
    text = fh.read()
    return text

txt = get_text(filename)
print(txt)

def validate_choice(uchoice):

    valid_choices = ['run', 'stop', 'rewind']

    if uchoice not in valid_choices:
        # your code here


validate_choice('run')           # should have no visible effect - function did not raise

validate_choice('fastforward')   # should raise ValueError with a message

def doubleit(arg):
    if not isinstance(arg, int):
        # your code here
    return arg * 2

x = doubleit('5')

# your function def here



greeting = 'Hello.'

x = make_case(greeting, 'upper')         # str, 'HELLO.'
print(x)

y = make_case(greeting, 'lower')         # str, 'hello.'
print(y)

z = make_case(greeting, 'middle')        # ValueError:  "middle" is not a valid argument:
                                    #              must be "upper" or "lower"

# your function def here


greeting = 'Hello.'

a = make_case(greeting, case='lower')     # str, 'hello.'
print(a)

b = make_case(greeting, case='upper')     # str, 'HELLO.'
print(b)

c = make_case(greeting)                   # str, 'HELLO.'
print(c)

d = make_case(greeting, case='title')     # ValueError:  "title" is not a valid argument:
print(d)                                  #              must be "upper" or "lower"

# your function def here



c = temp_convert(212, scale='C')       # 100
print(c)

f = temp_convert(0, scale='F')         # 32
print(f)

cc = temp_convert(32)                  # 0
print(cc)

ff = temp_convert(-1, scale='Fahrenheit')   # ValueError:  "Fahrenheit" is not a
                                            # valid argument:  must be "C" or "F"
print(ff)

# your function def here




first, second, third = name_split('George Patrick Flanahanahan')
print(first, second, third)      # 'George', 'Patrick', 'Flanahanahan'

fname, sname, tname = name_split('Aimee Vonda')
print(fname, sname, tname)       # 'Aimee', None, 'Vonda'

fn, sn, tn = name_split('Gimpy P. W. Simpson')
print(fn, sn, tn)                # ValueError:  must be 2 or 3 words in name

a = 5

def do(c, d):
    e = c * d
    return e

b = 100

x = do(a, b)       # 500
print(x)

# your import and code here

# your import and code here

# your import and code here

import zipfile as zp

myzip = zp.ZipFile('myzip.zip', 'w')

# add names of files in the current directory
myzip.write()      # write 1st filename here
myzip.write()      # write 2nd filename here

myzip.close()

print('done')

import time

secs = time.time()

# print(time.ctime(secs))

# print(time.localtime(secs))

# time.sleep(5)

import datetime as dt

# mydate = dt.date(2019, 9, 3)

# mydate = dt.date.today()

# mydatetime = dt.datetime(2019, 9, 3, 12, 5, 30)

# mydatetime = dt.datetime.now()


#secs = time.time()
#time_elements = time.localtime(secs)
#print(time_elements)


# myinterval = dt.timedelta(days=3, seconds=120)

# newdate = mydate + myinterval

# print(newdate)

# print(newdate.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))

# dt.datetime.strptime('2019-03-03', '%Y-%m-%d')

import random

myfloat = random.random()

# num = random.randint(10)

# num = random.randint(3,5)

# x = ['a', 'b', 'c']

# choice = random.choice(x)

import csv

fh = open('dated_file.csv')
reader = csv.reader(fh)

for row in reader:
    print(row)

fh.close()


# wfh = open('newfile.csv', 'w', newline='')
# writer = csv.writer(wfh)

# writer.writerow(['a', 'b', 'c'])

# wfh.close()

# Again, please be advised that you will not see writes to a file
# until you close the file with fh.close() or until the program
# ends execution.

import openpyxl as ox


# read an Excel workbook from a file
# read_only=True will limit your actions to reading
wb = ox.load_workbook('revenue.xlsx', read_only=True)


# show list of sheets within the workbook
print(wb.sheetnames)
  # ['transactions']


# access a single sheet within the workbook
ws = wb['transactions']


# loop through the entire worksheet and look at each row
for row in ws.iter_rows():

    # subscript out two fields from the row
    col1 = row[0].value
    col2 = row[1].value


# to skip rows (for example, headers) you can use min_row= argument:
for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=2):

    # subscript out two fields from the row
    col1 = row[0].value
    col2 = row[1].value

# note that older versions of openpyxl may use the skip_rows= argument instead of min_row=.


# access one cell by Excel cellname
c = ws['A2']           # 'cell' object
print(c.value)          # the value in the cell

print(ws['B2'].value)   # access value in one statement

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect('mydatabase.db')

cur = conn.cursor()

cur.execute("CREATE TABLE mytable (name TEXT, years INT, balance FLOAT)")

cur.execute("INSERT INTO mytable VALUES ('Joe', 23, 23.9)")
cur.execute("INSERT INTO mytable VALUES ('Marie', 19, 7.95)")
cur.execute("INSERT INTO mytable VALUES ('Zoe', 29, 17.5)")

conn.commit()


cur = conn.cursor()

rs = cur.execute('SELECT * FROM mytable')

for row in rs:
    print(row)

import pandas as pd
import sqlite3

df = pd.read_csv('dated_file.csv')

# write DataFrame to excel
#df.to_excel('dated_file.xls')

# read from database through query
# conn = sqlite3.connect('testdb.db')
# df = pd.read_sql('SELECT * FROM test', conn)

df = pd.read_csv('dated_file.csv')


# sum, average, etc. a column



# create a new column

# select rows thru a filter

# groupby aggregation

# groupby bar chart


# weather temp line chart

import bs4

fh = open('dormouse.html')

text = fh.read()

page = bs4.BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser')

print(page.title)

fh.close()

import requests
import bs4

response = requests.get('http://www.nytimes.com')

page = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

print(page.title)

import re

line = 'a phone number:  213-298-1990'

matchobj = re.search(r'(\d\d\d)\-(\d\d\d)\-(\d\d\d\d)', line)

print(matchobj.group(1))

import subprocess

subprocess.call(['python', 'hello.py'])

# out = subprocess.check_output(['python', 'hello.py')

import textwrap

text = ("This is some really long text that we would like to wrap.  "
        "Wouldn't you know it, there's a module for that!  ")


items = textwrap.wrap(text, 10)

print('\n'.join(items))